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A mechanical hydraulic injection system provides the basis for the Bosch KE-Jetronic (CIS-E) fuel system. The mechanical portion of the CIS-E system consists of the mixture control unit (air flow meter and fuel distributor ), primary pressure regulator, fuel accumulator , cold start valve , fuel injectors, pumps, filter, lines, tank and fuel cooler . In addition, electrical controls have been added for increased flexibility to meet todays more stringent performance and exhaust emission requirements. Refer to “COMPUTERIZED ENGINE CONTROLS” for a detailed description of electronic components. Air/Fuel Metering The basic function of the KE-Jetronic system is to meter fuel to the engine dependent upon the quantity of air drawn in by the engine (which is the main actuating variable). The stream of air drawn in by the engine deflects the sensor plate, which in turn actuates the fuel-metering plunger. Depending upon its position, the plunger opens or closes the fuel-metering slits. The metering slits supply fuel through the differential pressure valves to the individual fuel injectors. In contrast to the K-Jetronic system, the KE-Jetronic system also takes a number of additional engine operating data into account by means of sensors. The output signals from these sensors are processed by the KE-Jetronic electronic control unit which controls the electro-hydraulic actuator which adapts the injected fuel quantity to the various operating conditions. In the event of a system malfunction, the KE-Jetronic system operates solely with the basic function (CIS), and the driver then has a system at his disposal which provides a good limp-home capability when the engine is warm